第一讲 虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：

　　1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)

　　2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)

　　3. wish, if only, it is time…的用法

　　(should)+动词原形的情形

　　1.在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。

　　She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。

　　He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。

　　注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。

　　When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.

　　真题重现

　　【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。

　　参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)

　　2.在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词

　　He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。

　　3.在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词(名词)+that”句型中。

　　It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。

　　真题重现

　　【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children ______(被剥夺了受教育的权利).

　　参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.

　　if或but for等引导的条件句★★★

　　if引导虚拟条件句的用法

	条件从句	结果主句
与现在事实相反	动词过去式(be动词用were)	would+动词原形
与过去事实相反	had+过去分词(had done)	would have done
与将来事实相反	一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形	would(should)+动词原形

　　He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。(与现在事实相反)

　　I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.

　　我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。(与现在事实相反)

　　The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.

　　如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。(与过去事实相反)

　　If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.

　　but for=if it were not for…/if it had not been for…l

　　But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.

　　真题重现

　　【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _______________________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time

　　参考答案：would have survived
【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, ____________________.

　　我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)

　　参考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.

　　【CET-6:2007.1If you had ___________________(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦).

　　参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble.

　　It is (high, about) time …句型要求用虚拟语气

　　谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。

　　★★It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

　　something was done/some measures were taken

　　动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

与现在事实相反	were或动词的一般过去式
与过去事实相反	had done或would/could have done
将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望	would/should(could, might)+动词原形

　　I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。

　　I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。

　　I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。

　　if only后用虚拟语气(要是…就太好了)

现在没有实现的愿望	一般过去式
过去没有实现的愿望	过去完成式

　　If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。

　　If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!

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