11.   What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?

       A) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.

       B) The experts’ lack of knowledge.

       C) The rising of the sea level.

       D) The washing-away of limestone cliffs.

12.   The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ___________________.

       A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England

       B) has now become a threat to the local residents

       C) is quickly changing the map of England

       D) can be stopped if proper measures are taken

13.   The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____________________.

       A) lead to its eventual solution

       B) provide an effective way to slow it down

       C) help to prevent it from worsening

       D) warn people whose homes are in danger

14.   It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _____________.

       A) it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areas

       B) the government is too slow in taking action

       C) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents

       D) house agents along the coast do not support the idea

15.   According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ___________________.

       A) be aware of the potential danger involved

       B) guard against being cheated by the house agent

       C) take the quality of the house into consideration

       D) examine the house carefully before making a decision

Passage Two

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

      Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes（运动员）. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

      The early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves.

      Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

16.   An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is __________________.

       A) to make sports less competitive

       B) to make sports more challenging

       C) to reduce their mental stress

       D) to increase their sense of success

17.   According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _____________.

       A) it can help them learn more about society

       B) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

       C) it enables them to find flaws in themselves

       D) it can provide them with valuable experiences

18.   Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.

       A) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence

       B) in order to make them remember life’s lessons

       C) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

       D) so as to put more pressure on them

19.   According to the passage parents and coaches should _______________.

       A) help children to win every game

       B) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

       C) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

       D) train children to cope with stress

10.   The author’s purpose in writing the passage is _________________.

       A) to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

       B) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children

       C) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

       D) to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

Passage Three

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

      Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts（干旱）are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world’ population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.

      But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world — if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.

      Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.

      Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example. often the cheapest way to provide irrigation（灌溉）water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions（凹地）and pumping it to nearby cropland.

21.   What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?

       A) The world population is increasing faster and faster.

       B) Half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.

       C) Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.

       D) Only half of the world’s water can be used.

22.   As indicated in the passage, the water problem __________.

       A) has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

       B) is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

       C) poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs

       D) is already serious in certain parts of the world

23.   According to the author, the water price should ___________.

       A) correspond to its real value

       B) be reduced to the minimum

       C) stimulate domestic demand

       D) take into account the occurrences of droughts

24.   The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to __________.

       A) build big lakes to store water

       B) construct big pumping stations

       C) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland

       D) build small and cheap irrigation systems

25.   In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _______.

       A) centralize the management of water resources

       B) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

       C) guarantee full protection of the environment

       D) encourage local and regional control of water resources

Passage Four

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

      We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).

      The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

      Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.

      Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

26.   According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _________________.

       A) decrease gradually

       B) remain at the same level

       C) become unstable

       D) improve enormously

27.   The first paragraph tells us that a new product is __________________.

       A) not easily accepted by the public

       B) often inferior to old ones at first

       C) often more expensive than old ones

       D) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes

28.   Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ____________.

       A) promote its production

       B) work out marketing policies

       C) speed up its life cycle

       D) increase its popularity

29.   The author mentions the example of “backpacks” (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of _______________.

       A) pleasing the young as well as the old

       B) increasing usage among students

       C) exploring new market sections

       D) serving both military and civil needs

30.   In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ____________.

       A) improving product quality

       B) increasing product features

       C) modernizing product style

       D) re-positioning their product in the market

Part III                              Vocabulary and Structure                     (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

31   By the time he arrives in Beijing, we __________ here for tow days.

       A) have been staying                                       B) have stayed

       C) shall stay                                                   D) will have stayed

32   According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life __________: 77.2 years.

       A) scope                                                        B) rank

       C) span                                                         D) scale

33   The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________ all practical value by the time they were finished.

       A) had lost                                                     B) would lose

       C) would have lost                                          D) should have lost

34   As a public relations officer, he is said __________ some very influential people.

       A) to have been knowing                                 B) to be knowing

       C) to have known                                           D) to know

35   Our hopes __________ and fell in the same instant.

       A) aroused                                                     B) arose

       C) raised                                                        D) rose

36   With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers __________ before their time.

       A) be bloomed                                                B) blooming

       C) bloom                                                       D) bloomed

37   A season ticket __________ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.

       A) grants                                                       B) promises

       C) entitles                                                      D) presents

Part IV                              Cloze                                                      (15 minutes)

Directions:    There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

       More than forty thousand readers told us that they looked for in close friendships, what they expected ___61___ friends, what they were willing to give in ___62___, and how satisfied they were ___63___ the quality of their friendships. The ___64___ give little comfort to social critics.

       Friendship ___65___ to be a unique form of ___66___ bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties that ___67___ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by ___68___. Unlike other social roles that we are expected to ___69___ — as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and ___70___ organizations — it has its own principle, which is to promote ___71___ f warmth, trust, love, and affection ___72___ two people.

       The survey on friendship appeared in the March ___73___ of Psychology Today. The findings ___74___ that issues of trust and betrayal（背叛）are ___75___ to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not ___76___ for friends only among those who are ___77___ like them, but find many ___78___ differ in race, religion, and ethnic（种族的）background. Arguably the most important ___79___ that emerges from the data, ___80___, is not something that we found — but what we did not.

61. A) on                    B) of                             C) to                          D) for

62. A) addition            B) reply                         C) turn                       D) return

63. A) about                B) of                             C) with                      D) by

64. A) results              B) effects                      C) expectations           D) consequences

65. A) feels                 B) leads                         C) sounds                   D) appears

66. A) human              B) mankind                    C) individual               D) civil

67. A) bind                 B) attach                       C) control                   D) attract

78. A) discipline          B) law                           C) rule                       D) regulation

79. A) keep                 B) do                            C) show                     D) play

70. A) all                    B) any                           C) other                     D) those

71. A) friendship         B) interests                    C) feelings                  D) impressions

72. A) between            B) on                            C) in                          D) for

73. A) print                 B) issue                         C) publication             D) copy

74. A) secure              B) assure                       C) confirm                 D) resolve

75. A) neutral              B) main                         C) nuclear                  D) central

76. A) ask                   B) call                           C) appeal                    D) look

77. A) most                B) more                         C) least                      D) less

78. A) people              B) who                          C) what                      D) friends

79. A) conclusion        B) summary                   C) decision                 D) claim

80. A) moreover          B) however                    C) still                        D) yet

Part V                               Writing                                                   (30 minutes)

Directions:    For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.

                     1. 表示欢迎

                     2. 提出对度假安排的建议

                     3. 提醒应注意的事项

A letter to a Schoolmate

June 23, 2001

Dear Xiao Wang,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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