12. Stars like the sun can continue to shine steadily for billions of years because its light and heat are produced by nuclear fusion, in which titanic releases of energy result in the loss of only tiny amounts of mass.

　　(A) its light and heat are produced by nuclear fusion, in which

　　(B) nuclear fusion produces its light and heat, in which

　　(C) nuclear fusion produces their light and heat, where

　　(D) its light and heat are produced by nuclear fusion, where

　　(E) their light and heat are produced by nuclear fusion, in which

　　13. After the Vietnam war Bettye Granther, a U.S. Army nurse, continued her efforts on behalf of injured Vietnamese children, providing medical care, helping to reunite estranged families, and the establishment of a fund for the children's future education.

　　(A) the establishment of a fund for the children's future education

　　(B) the establishing of a fund for the future education of children

　　(C) establishing a fund for the children's future education

　　(D) establishing a fund for the childrens' future education

　　(E) the establishment of a fund for the childrens' future education

　　14. The Western world's love affair with chocolate is well-documented: few people have been known to have tasted it for the first time without requesting more.

　　(A) few people have been known to have tasted it

　　(B) few having been known to taste it

　　(C) it has been tasted by few people

　　(D) few people have been known to taste it

　　(E) few people having tasted it

　　15. The increased popularity and availability of televisions has led to the decline of regional dialects, language variations which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated by geographic isolation.

　　(A) which originate from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated

　　(B) that originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated

　　(C) originated from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated

　　(D) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuated

　　(E) originating from diverse ethnic and cultural heritages and perpetuating

　　16. The group called the Teton Sioux inhabits parts of North and South Dakota; their language and customs differ, however, from the Yankton, Sisseton, and Dakota Sioux.

　　(A) their language and customs differ, however, from

　　(B) its language and customs differ, however, from

　　(C) however, they have different language and customs than

　　(D) however, their language and customs differ from those of

　　(E) its language and customs differ, however, from those of

　　17. During the first nine months of 1979, textbook publishers incurred substantial costs for creating products that, due to a decline in public funding for instructional material, never were sold.

　　(A) funding for instructional material, never were

　　(B) funding for instructional material, never was

　　(C) funding, the instructional material, was never

　　(D) funding for instructional material, the products were never

　　(E) funding, they were never

　　18. Ancient Romans found it therapeutic to bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in bathtubs filled with black caviar.

　　(A) to bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in bathtubs filled with black caviar

　　(B) that they bathe in cold milk, in strawberries that had been crushed, or in caviar that was black

　　(C) to bathe in cold milk, crushed strawberries, or black caviar

　　(D) that they bathe in cold milk, crushed strawberries, or black caviar

　　(E) to bathe in milk , strawberries, or caviar

　　19. Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.

　　(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother

　　(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother

　　(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered

　　(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered

　　(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother

　　20. Because of the business community's uncertainty about the President's position in regard to the issue of the budget deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has occurred.

　　(A) in regard to the issue of the budget deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has

　　(B) on the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates has

　　(C) regarding the budgetary deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates have

　　(D) on the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rates have

　　(E) regarding the deficit, an unanticipated rise in interest rats have

　　21. A peculiar feature of the embryonic mammalian circulatory system is that in the area of the heart the cells adhere to one another, beating in unison and adopting specialized orientations exclusive of one another.

　　(A) beating in unison and adopting

　　(B) they beat in unison while adopting

　　(C) beat in unison, and adopt

　　(D) beating in unison yet adopting

　　(E) even though they beat in unison and adopt

　　22. As recently as 1950, tuberculosis was never curable unless sequestered in sanitariums; today, the drug Isoniazid has made such treatment obsolete.

　　(A) unless sequestered

　　(B) without sequestering

　　(C) without being sequestered

　　(D) unless it was sequestered

　　(E) unless patients were sequestered

　　23. Newcomers to southern California are surprised to discover that, in spite of the temperate climate, heating bills are as high, or higher than, those in most Midwestern or eastern cities.

　　(A) as high, or higher than, those in

　　(B) as high, or higher than,

　　(C) as high as, or higher than,

　　(D) at least as high as those in

　　(E) no lower than

　　24. Through the years, the exquisitely subtle flavors and superb richness of Kenyan coffee has attracted an international following of discerning consumers.

　　(A) the exquisitely subtle flavors and superb richness of Kenyan coffee has

　　(B) the coffee of Kenya, with its exquisitely subtle and superbly rich flavors, have

　　(C) the exquisitely subtle, superbly rich flavors of Kenyan coffee are what has

　　(D) Kenyan coffee's superb richness and exquisite subtlety of flavor has

　　(E) the exquisitely subtle flavors and superb richness of Kenyan coffee have

　　25. Cut-paper design, a popular pastime of Colonial women, became an art form in the hands of Abigail Lefferts Lloyd, a Revolutionary War heroine.

　　(A) design, a popular pastime of colonial women, became an art form in the hands of

　　(B) design, a popular Colonial women's pastime, and it became an art form in the hands of

　　(C) design was a popular pastime for Colonial women, then it became an art form in the hands of

　　(D) design is a popular pastime of Colonial women that has become an art form by

　　(E) design, the popular Colonial pastime, became an art form for

　　Keys:

　　1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. E 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. E 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. E 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. D 22.E 23. D 24. E 25. A