SECTION 7
Time –30 minutes
38 Questions

1. In the nineteenth century, novelists and unsympathetic
travelers portrayed the American West as a land of
---- adversity, whereas promoters and idealists
created ---- image of a land of infinite promise.
(A) lurid.. a mundane
(B) incredible.. an underplayed
(C) dispiriting.. an identical
(D) intriguing.. a luxuriant
(E) unremitting.. a compelling

2. Honeybees tend to be more ---- than earth bees:
the former, unlike the latter, search for food together
and signal their individual findings to one another.
(A) insular
(B) aggressive
(C) differentiated
(D) mobile
(E) social

3. Joe spoke of superfluous and ---- matters with
exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for
him serious issues mattered neither more nor less
than did ----.
(A) vital.. trivialities
(B) redundant.. superficialities
(C) important.. necessities
(D) impractical.. outcomes
(E) humdrum.. essentials

4. The value of Davis’ sociological research is com-
promised by his unscrupulous tendency to use
materials---- in order to substantiate his own
claims, while ---- information that points to other
possible conclusions.
(A) haphazardly.. deploying
(B) selectively.. disregarding
(C) cleverly.. weighing
(D) modestly.. refuting
(E) arbitrarily.. emphasizing

5. Once Renaissance painters discovered how to ----
volume and depth, they were able to replace the
medieval convention of symbolic, two-dimensional
space with the more ---- illusion of actual space.
(A) reverse.. conventional
(B) portray.. abstract
(C) deny.. concrete
(D) adumbrate.. fragmented
(E) render.. realistic

6. He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but
instead he encountered ---- bordering on hostility.
(A) patience
(B) discretion
(C) openness
(D) ineptitude
(E) indifference

7. The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience
and skill in conducting such delicate negotiations,
---- to make a decision during the talks because any
sudden commitment at that time would have been ----.
(A) resolved.. detrimental
(B) refused.. apropos
(C) declined.. inopportune
(D) struggled.. unconscionable
(E) hesitated.. warranted

8. CONDUCTOR: INSTRUMENTALIST::
(A) director: actor
(B) sculptor: painter
(C) choreographer: composer
(D) virtuoso: amateur
(E) poet: listener

9. QUARRY: ROCK
(A) silt: gravel
(B) sky: rain
(C) cold: ice
(D) mine: ore
(E) jewel: diamond

10. STICKLER: EXACTING::
(A) charlatan: forthright
(B) malcontent: solicitous
(C) misanthrope: expressive
(D) defeatist: resigned
(E) braggart: unassuming

11. WALK: AMBLE::
(A) dream: imagine
(B) talk: chat
(C) swim: float
(D) look: stare
(E) speak: whisper

12. JAZZ: MUSIC::
(A) act: play
(B) variety: vaudeville
(C) portraiture: painting
(D) menu: restaurant
(E) species: biology

13. REPATRIATE: EMIGRATION::
(A) reinstate: election
(B) recall: impeachment
(C) appropriate: taxation
(D) repeal: ratification
(E) appeal: adjudication

14. PLACEBO: INNOCUOUS::
(A) antibiotic: viral
(B) vapor: opaque
(C) salve: unctuous
(D) anesthetic: astringent
(E) vitamin: synthetic

15. DISSEMINATE: INFORMATION::
(A) amend: testimony
(B) analyze: evidence
(C) investigate: crime
(D) prevaricate: confirmation
(E) foment: discontentment

16. VOICE: QUAVER::
(A) pace: quicken
(B) cheeks: dimple
(C) concentration: focus
(D) hand: tremble
(E) eye: blink

Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a
moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker
in the England of the 1840’s. What is most impressive
about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made
(5) by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experi-
ence of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method
is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such
features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect,
the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea
(10)party, an itemized description of the furniture of the
Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again anno-
tated) of the ballad "The Oldham Weaver." The interest
of this record is considerable, even though the method
has a slightly distancing effect.
(15) As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could
hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside
observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is
always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imag-
inative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green
(20)Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John
Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family
in the cellar in the chapter "Poverty and Death." Indeed,
for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’
emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the
(25)material details on which the mere reporter is apt to con-
centrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the
early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite
conveys the sense of full participation that would
completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Barton, she
(30)still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of
feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.
The chapter "Old Alice’s History " brilliantly drama-
tizes the situation of that early generation of workers
brought from the villages and the countryside to the
(35)urban industrial centers. The account of Job Legh, the
weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of
biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an
urban industrial environment: an affinity for living
things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environ-
(40)ment,into a kind of crankiness. The early chapters―
about factory workers walking out in spring into Green
Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her
cellar the twig- gathering for brooms in the native village
that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on
(45)his impaled insects― capture the characteristic responses
of a generation to the new and crushing experience of
industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently por-
tray the development of the instinctive cooperation with
each other that was already becoming an important
tradition among workers.

17.Which of the following best describes the author’s
attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of
documentary record in Mary Barton?
(A) Uncritical enthusiasm
(B) Unresolved ambivalence
(C) Qualified approval
(D) Resigned acceptance
(E) Mild irritation

18. According to the passage, Mary Barton and the
early novels of D. H. Lawrence share which of the
following?
(A) Depiction of the feelings of working-class families
(B) Documentary objectivity about working-class
circumstances
(C) Richly detailed description of working-class
adjustment to urban life
(D) Imaginatively structured plots about working-
class characters
(E) Experimental prose style based on working-
class dialect

19. Which of the following is most closely analogous to
Job Legh in Mary Barton, as that character is
described in the passage?
(A) An entomologist who collected butterflies as a
child
(B) A small-town attorney whose hobby is nature
photography
(C) A young man who leaves his family’s dairy
farm to start his own business
(D) A city dweller who raises exotic plants on the
roof of his apartment building
(E) A union organizer who works in a textile mill
under dangerous conditions

20. It can be inferred from examples given in the last
paragraph of the passage that which of the following
was part of "the new and crushing experience of
industrialism" (lines 46-47) for many members of
the English working class in the nineteenth century?
(A) Extortionate food prices
(B) Geographical displacement
(C) Hazardous working conditions
(D) Alienation from fellow workers
(E) Dissolution of family ties

21. It can be inferred that the author of the passage
believes that Mary Barton might have been an
even better novel if Gaskell had
(A) concentrated on the emotions of a single
character
(B) made no attempt to re-create experiences of
which she had no firsthand knowledge
(C) made no attempt to reproduce working-class
dialects
(D) grown up in an industrial city
(E) managed to transcend her position as an outsider

22. Which of the following phrases could best be
substituted for the phrase "this aspect of Mary
Barton" in line 29 without changing the meaning
of the passage as a whole?
(A) the material details in an urban working-class
environment
(B) the influence of Mary Barton on lawrence’s
early work
(C) the place of Mary Barton in the development
of the English novel
(D) the extent of the poverty and physical
suffering among England’s industrial
workers in the 1840’s.
(E) the portrayal of the particular feelings and
responses of working-class characters

23. The author of the passage describes Mary Barton
as each of the following EXCEPT
(A) insightful
(B) meticulous
(C) vivid
(D) poignant
(E) lyrical

As of the late 1980’s. neither theorists nor large-
scale computer climate models could accurately predict
whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming
globe. Some studies suggested that a four percent
(5)increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could
compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon diox-
ide, preventing a potentially disastrous planetwide temp-
erature increase. On the other hand, an increase in cirrus
clouds could increase global warming.
(10) That clouds represented the weakest element in cli-
mate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such
models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with
double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers
found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were
(15)not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide
range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies
plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict
how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could
they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or
deadlier monsoons.

24.The author of the passage is primarily concerned
with
(A) confirming a theory
(B) supporting a statement
(C) presenting new information
(D) predicting future discoveries
(E) reconciling discrepant findings

25. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models
described in the passage failed to agree was that
(A) they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date
information about the effect of clouds on
climate
(B) they were based on faulty information about
factors other than clouds that affect climate.
(C) they were based on different assumptions about
the overall effects of clouds on climate
(D) their originators disagreed about the kinds of
forecasts the models should provide
(E) their originators disagreed about the factors
other than clouds that should be included in
the models


26. It can be inferred that the primary purpose of the
models included in the study discussed in the second
paragraph of the passage was to
(A) predict future changes in the world’s climate
(B) predict the effects of cloud systems on the
world’s climate
(C) find a way to prevent a disastrous planetwide
temperature increase
(D) assess the percentage of the Earth’s surface
covered by cloud systems
(E) estimate by how much the amount of carbon
dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere will
increase

27. The information in the passage suggests that sci-
entists would have to answer which of the following
questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on
the warming of the globe?
(A) What kinds of cloud systems will form over the
Earth?
(B) How can cloud systems be encouraged to form
over the ocean?
(C) What are the causes of the projected planetwide
temperature increase?
(D) What proportion of cloud systems are currently
composed of cirrus of clouds?
(E) What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere
form over land masses?

28. SUSPEND:
(A) force
(B) split
(C) tilt
(D) slide down
(E) let fall

29. CREDULITY:
(A) originality
(B) skepticism
(C) diligence
(D) animation
(E) stoicism

30. MILD:
(A) toxic
(B) uniform
(C) maximal
(D) asymptomatic
(E) acute

31. IMPLEMENT:
(A) distort
(B) foil
(C) overlook
(D) aggravate
(E) misinterpret
32. DIFFIDENCE::
(A) trustworthiness
(B) assertiveness
(C) lack of preparation
(D) resistance to change
(E) willingness to blame

33. BYZANTINE:
(A) symmetrical
(B) variegated
(C) discordant
(D) straightforward
(E) unblemished

34. PROCLIVITY:
(A) confusion
(B) deprivation
(C) obstruction
(D) aversion
(E) hardship

35. PROTRACT:
(A) treat fairly
(B) request hesitantly
(C) take back
(D) cut short
(E) make accurate

36. VAUNTING:
(A) plucky
(B) meek
(C) chaste
(D) cowardly
(E) ardent

37. HALE:
(A) unenthusiastic
(B) staid
(C) odious
(D) infirm
(E) uncharacteristic

38. SEMINAL:
(A) derivative
(B) substantiated
(C) reductive
(D) ambiguous
(E) extremist