PartⅠ. Listening Comprehension (Section A)

　　1.(the)author(s)/ (the)writer(s)

　　2.other works/ the other works/ others works/ other/ the other

　　3.(the)literary trend(s)/ literature trend(s)/ literary tendency/ literature tendency/ common(shared) meaning(s) in (a) particular tradition common meaning literature tradition　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　4. grammar/ image(s)/diction/ use of image(s)

　　5. cultural code(s)/ culture code(s)

　　Literary tradition/ cultural/ culture/ code(s)/ cultural tradition

　　6. cultural/ culture 　7. (the) reader(s)

　　8. social

　　9. reader competency/ reader(’s) competence competency/ competence/ competent reader

　　10. social system(s)/ social structure(s)/ literary traditions/ political influence(s)/ cultural influence(s)/ personal influence(s)

　　Part Ⅳ. Proofreading and Error Correction

　　1.　　agreeing --------agreed

　　2.　　∧words----------these/those words

　　3.　　in the disposal --------at the disposal

　　4.　　enables--------enable

　　5.　　delete “the” before “other English speakers”

　　6.　　old------ older

　　7.　　seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended

　　8.　　delete “it” before “for granted”

　　9.　　And ----- Yet; However

　　10.　　∧most ------ the most striking

　　Translation

　　Section A　Chinese to English

　　参考译文

　　Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to every other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a positioning proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed less often and less severely than people in the west, for the intensity of one’s depression literally changes along with the magnitude of one’s desire and ambition. As people in an agricultural society enjoy much fewer comforts than those in an industrial society, they have fewer desires or wishes. Besides, ancient Chinese always took it as their most fundamental philosophy of life that one should not merely be confined to material pursuits, or be kept in bondage by material things. It is quite true that there are misers in China. But Chinese misers prove less miserly and less ambitious when they are compared with those misers and careerists described by Moliai and Balzac. Being very mild-tempered, most of the ethnic groups in China live a simple life without worldly desires. In comparison with western people, the Chinese people are easily satisfied. 　Section B English to Chinese

　　参考译文

　　除了苦干、流汗、流泪、甚至流血，我别无所能。我们所面对的是一种最痛苦的磨难，是历时数月之久的斗争和苦难。

　　你们会问， 我们的对策是什么？我认为是从地面，海上和空中发动的一场战争，—一场竭尽我们所能，竭尽上帝所赐予我们的全部力量的战争，一场与人类罪行簿上所记载的最黑暗，最悲哀的恶魔暴政相抗争的战争。

　　你们还会问， 我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来回答，那就是胜利，——付出任何代价的胜利，不顾任何恐怖的胜利。没有胜利就没有生存。

　　我们必须意识到这一点：没有胜利，就没有大英帝国的存在， 就没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在， 就没有愿望的存在， 就没有时代理想的存在， 就没有朝着人类目标的买进